參與式文化中 11項必備技巧

我想大家應該都很清楚使用者的參與在 Web 2.0 裡是很重要的一個要素，有人甚至把 Web 2.0 稱之為 participatory Web 來跟以往只有單向傳遞訊息的網站做區別。對網站而言，可能需要一些所謂 Web 2.0 的技術或思維，那對使用者呢? 使用者需不需要一些技巧才能夠真的參與討論和分享?

美國麥克阿瑟基金會(MacArthur Foundation) 於去年(2006) 10月發表一份長達60頁的白皮書 － Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century (下載)，內容針在新的媒體文化下教育所面臨的挑戰，以及學生該具備那些的技巧/能。這對圖書館而言或許有些幫助…

圖片取自白皮書封面

除了提供11項必備技巧之外，白皮書還分析了參與的型式及一些問題，有興趣的人請詳見白皮書內容。底下是針對學生要能在社會網絡環境中成功學習的11項新技巧：

1. Play — the capacity to experiment with one’s surroundings as a form of problem-solving
2. Performance — the ability to adopt alternative identities for the purpose of improvisation and discovery
3. Simulation — the ability to interpret and construct dynamic models of real-world processes
4. Appropriation — the ability to meaningfully sample and remix media content
5. Multitasking — the ability to scan one’s environment and shift focus as needed to salient details.
6. Distributed Cognition — the ability to interact meaningfully with tools that expand mental capacities
7. Collective Intelligence — the ability to pool knowledge and compare notes with others toward a common goal
8. Judgment — the ability to evaluate the reliability and credibility of different information sources
9. Transmedia Navigation — the ability to follow the flow of stories and information across multiple modalities
10. Networking — the ability to search for, synthesize, and disseminate information
11. Negotiation — the ability to travel across diverse communities, discerning and respecting multiple perspectives, and grasping and following alternative norms.

看起來相當的不容易呀!! 雖然我們都說現在的學生相當的幸福，但也是很辛苦的。其實這 11項技巧不僅適用於學生，對於現代的每個人都是必備的才是。

延申閱讀：

ALA － Participatory Networks: The Library as Conversation